Understanding how people change is crucial in addiction recovery. The stages of change model – also known as the transtheoretical model – breaks down the journey of overcoming addiction to drugs or alcohol into clear steps.
This framework helps individuals, families, and professionals recognize where someone is in their recovery process and determine the most effective way to support them. At BIG SKY Treatment, we believe in meeting clients where they are. By providing personalized, evidence-based care in a supportive environment, we tailor treatment plans to each individual’s readiness for change.
In this guide, we’ll explore what the 5 stages of change are, why they matter in addiction treatment, and how BIG SKY Treatment integrates this model into personalized addiction recovery plans.
What Are the 5 Stages of Change in Addiction Recovery?
The “stages of change” model is a way of describing the process people go through when modifying addictive behaviors.
Originally developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, it outlines a sequence of five main stages that individuals typically cycle through on the path to recovery. These stages can apply to any behavior change, but they are most well-known for addiction recovery. In reality, change is not always linear – people might move back and forth between stages, or experience relapse as part of the journey.
Below, we break down the 5 stages of change (sometimes expanded to 6 to include relapse or a final “termination” stage) and what each means for someone struggling with substance use:
1. Precontemplation – Not Yet Considering Change
In the precontemplation stage, a person is not yet acknowledging a problem or a need to change. They may be in denial or unaware of the negative consequences of their substance use.
Signs of Precontemplation: They might say, “I don’t have an addiction” or “I can quit anytime”.
How to Support: It’s counterproductive to confront or force someone in precontemplation. Instead, BIG SKY clinicians focus on building rapport and gently raising awareness. Through non-judgmental conversations and education, we plant seeds of insight about the impact of their addiction. Motivational interviewing (an evidence-based approach aligned with this stage) can help increase willingness to consider change without pressuring the individual.
2. Contemplation – Acknowledging the Problem, Ambivalent to Change
In contemplation, the individual recognizes some negatives of their drug or alcohol addiction and starts thinking about change, but hasn’t committed to action. They feel ambivalent – torn between the comfort of using and the desire for a healthier life.
Signs of Contemplation: They might acknowledge, “I have a problem, but I’m not sure if I’m ready to quit.”
How to Support: This stage is all about exploration and motivation. Our counselors at BIG SKY Treatment encourage contemplators to talk about their feelings, fears, and hopes. Techniques like discussing the pros and cons of quitting or cutting back help tip the balance toward change. We may provide information about treatment options and share success stories, all in a pressure-free way. The goal is to help the person resolve ambivalence and increase their confidence that change is possible.
3. Preparation – Ready and Planning for Change
By the preparation stage, the individual has decided to make a change soon and is getting ready to act. They might start making small steps – for example, reducing use, researching treatment programs, or setting a quit date.
Signs of Preparation: Comments like “I’m going to get help soon” or “I’ve cut down and plan to stop completely next month” indicate the person is committed to taking action.
How to Support: This is a critical planning phase. BIG SKY Treatment helps individuals prepare for recovery by creating a concrete action plan. This could include scheduling an intake assessment, arranging detox (if needed), or organizing logistics such as time off work or childcare. Our team reinforces their decision by praising their commitment (every small step is a victory!) and addressing any remaining barriers or questions.
4. Action – Actively Changing Behavior
In the action stage, the individual is actively working on recovery – this often means they have started treatment, stopped using substances, or otherwise changed their behavior significantly.
Signs of Action: They might be regularly attending therapy or support groups, practicing new coping skills, or celebrating milestones of sobriety.
How to Support: During action, support and structure are vital. BIG SKY Treatment offers intensive, evidence-based therapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, group counseling, and experiential therapies, to help establish healthy habits and address underlying issues. We tailor interventions to sustain motivation – setting short-term goals, tracking progress, and troubleshooting setbacks. Family involvement and encouragement are encouraged, as positive reinforcement can bolster the person’s resolve. Relapse prevention strategies are introduced here to prepare for future hurdles.
5. Maintenance – Sustaining the Change
Maintenance is all about keeping the momentum and preventing relapse after initial success. By this stage, the individual has achieved sobriety or significant behavior change and is working to maintain those gains over the long term.
Signs of Maintenance: They have a stable routine in recovery – e.g., “I have been sober for a year, I attend weekly aftercare meetings and exercise regularly to cope with stress.”
How to Support: The focus in maintenance is on continued support and relapse prevention. BIG SKY Treatment helps clients develop a comprehensive aftercare plan before transitioning out of intensive treatment. This might include continued outpatient therapy, alumni support groups, peer support meetings, and lifestyle changes that support sobriety. We teach clients to recognize early warning signs of relapse and have action plans to deal with cravings or high-risk situations.
Relapse is Part of the Process
Did you know? Relapse is often considered a normal part of the stages of change cycle. It’s not a moral failing, but rather an indication that more support or a new strategy is needed. If a relapse occurs, an individual can re-enter the cycle at an earlier stage (often contemplation or preparation) and use the experience to strengthen their recovery.
Why the Stages of Change Matter in Addiction Treatment
Understanding these stages isn’t just academic – it has real, practical importance for addiction recovery. Different stages require different approaches.
Recognizing where someone is helps family members and professionals communicate more effectively and provide support at the right time.
- Trying to push someone in precontemplation into rehab may backfire.
- Someone in action needs skills training and intensive support.
- Matching intervention to stage improves treatment outcomes.
For families, knowing the stages fosters patience and hope. For referring professionals, the stages of change framework aids in assessing client readiness and creating appropriate referrals.
Personalized, Evidence-Based Care at BIG SKY Treatment
At BIG SKY Treatment, individualized care is core to what we do. We assess each client’s stage of change from the moment they enter treatment and adjust the approach accordingly.
Whether a client is unsure or fully committed, BIG SKY provides a personalized plan that fits their situation and goals.
The Stages of Change in Context: ASAM Criteria and DSM-5 Updates
In the newest ASAM Criteria, stages of change are no longer a separate dimension. Readiness and motivation are now woven into all assessments instead of isolated. This holistic model reflects a broader trend toward individualized care.
Similarly, the DSM-5 eliminated the old GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) score. Rather than a single numerical rating, clinicians now assess functioning across multiple domains. This approach offers a more accurate, complete picture of a person’s needs and abilities.
At BIG SKY Treatment, we fully embrace these modern standards. We use a holistic view – considering readiness, mental health, social support, medical needs, and motivation – to create the best possible treatment plan for each individual.
Embracing Change for Lasting Recovery
Change is not a straight line – it’s a journey through stages. Knowing what stage you or your loved one is in can make the process more manageable and hopeful.
At BIG SKY Treatment, we’re here for every stage of your journey. Whether you’re contemplating change or taking action, our personalized, evidence-based programs are designed to meet you where you are and guide you toward lasting recovery.
